7. Fuel术语 (Fuel Glossary)

地址 (Address)

An address is a cryptographic hash representing an identity of a wallet or a predicate root.

地址是代表钱包身份或谓词根的加密哈希。

资产ID (AssetId)

An asset ID is a unique identifier for an on-chain asset. It is derived from the root of the bytecode of the contract minting the asset.

资产 ID 是链上资产的唯一标识符。它源自铸造资产的合约字节码的根。

基础资产 (Base Asset)

The base asset is the underlying asset needed to perform any transactions on a blockchain. It is used to pay gas for transactions. On Ethereum, the base asset is ETH.

基础资产是在区块链上执行任何交易所需的基础资产。它用于支付交易的gas。在以太坊上，基础资产是 ETH。

区块 (Block)

A block is a record of many transactions, that are grouped together and cryptographically hashed. The linked blocks form a chain, also called a blockchain.

区块是许多交易的记录，这些交易被组合在一起并进行加密哈希。链接的区块形成一条链，也称为区块链。

区块浏览器 (Block Explorer)

A block explorer is an interface for block and transaction data produced by a blockchain. You can use a block explorer to explore and verify addresses, contracts, and transaction histories.

区块浏览器是区块链产生的区块和交易数据的接口。您可以使用区块浏览器来探索和验证地址、合约和交易历史。

区块高度 (Block Height)

The block height refers to the total number of valid blocks produced in the history of a blockchain, starting with the genesis block.

区块高度是指区块链历史上产生的有效区块的总数，从创世区块开始。

区块ID (Block ID)

A block ID is a unique identifier for a particular block.

区块ID是一个特定区块的唯一标识符。

跨链桥 (Bridge)

A bridge is a mechanism that allows the transfer of data or assets from one blockchain to another.

跨链桥是一种机制，允许将数据或资产从一个区块链转移到另一个区块链。

字节码 (Bytecode)

Bytecode is machine-readable code, usually generated from a compiler.

字节码是机器可读的代码，通常由编译器生成。

链 (Chain)

Another name for a blockchain.

区块链的另一个名称。

ChainId

A unique ID for a blockchain.

一个区块链的唯一ID。

客户端 (Client)

The Fuel client refers to the software that runs the Fuel Virtual Machine. It can be used to validate and produce blocks, and send transactions.

Fuel 客户端指的是运行燃料虚拟机的软件。它可以用来验证和生产区块，并发送交易。

Coinbase

Coinbase refers to the validators paying themselves for processing a block from the transaction fees. Having a coinbase transaction on each block makes this process transparent to all users.

Coinbase指的是验证者从交易费中支付自己处理一个区块。在每个区块上有一个coinbase交易，使这个过程对所有用户透明。

共识 (Consensus)

The consensus layer defines the state and validates that all nodes on the blockchain have the same state.

共识层定义了状态，并验证了区块链上的所有节点都有相同的状态。

共识参数 (Consensus Parameters)

Consensus parameters are the rules used by clients to determine the validity of and finalize a block.

共识参数是客户用来确定区块的有效性和最终性/终态的规则。

合约调用 (Contract Call)

Calling a contract means invoking a function from a smart contract that has been deployed to the blockchain.

调用合约意味着从已经部署到区块链上的智能合约中调用一个函数。

合约ID (Contract ID)

The contract ID is a unique identifier for a contract derived from the root of the contract bytecode.

合约ID是一个合同的唯一标识符，来自合同字节码的根。

数据可用性 (Data Availability)

The data availability layer ensures that block data has been published to the network.

数据可用性层确保区块数据已经发布到网络上。

EIP

EIP stands for Ethereum Improvement Proposal. It refers to a proposal to upgrade the core software powering the Ethereum blockchain.

EIP是Ethereum Improvement Proposal的缩写。它指的是升级驱动以太坊区块链的核心软件的建议。

EOA

EOA stands for Externally Owned Account. It refers to a wallet address that is not controlled by a contract.

EOA代表外部拥有的账户。它指的是一个不受合同控制的钱包地址。

EVM

EVM stands for Ethereum Virtual Machine, which is the virtual machine used for the Ethereum network.

EVM是Ethereum虚拟机的缩写，它是用于Ethereum网络的虚拟机。

执行(Execution)

Execution refers to the processing of transactions by nodes in a network.

执行是指网络中的节点对交易的处理。

水龙头 (Faucet)

A faucet is a service that provides free tokens for a testnet.

水龙头是一种为测试网提供免费代币的服务。

Forc

Forc is short for Fuel Orchestrator. Similar to Cargo for Rust, Forc is the build system and package manager for Sway. It is used to build, test, and deploy Sway contracts.

Forc是Fuel Orchestrator的缩写。类似于Rust的Cargo，Forc是Sway的构建系统和包管理器。它被用来构建、测试和部署Sway合约。

欺诈证明 (Fraud Proof)

Fraud proofs are a blockchain verification mechanism whereby a claim on a new block is accepted unless a proof the claim is invalid is provided within some configurable time window. Both the Fuel protocol and the FuelVM are designed to be fraud-provable in restrictive environments such as the Ethereum Virtual Machine.

欺诈证明是一种区块链验证机制，据此，除非在一些可配置的时间窗口内提供证明，否则新区块上的声索将被接受。Fuel协议和FuelVM都被设计为在限制性环境中可进行欺诈证明，如Ethereum虚拟机。

Fuel

The Fuel blockchain.

Fuel区块链。

Fuels

Fuels is the name of the Fuel Rust and Typescript SDKs used to interact with a contract, similar to ethers.js or web3.js

Fuels是Fuel Rust和Typescript SDK的名字，用于与合约互动，类似于ethers.js或web3.js。

Fuelup

Fuelup is the official toolchain and package manager for the Fuel toolchain.

Fuelup是Fuel工具链的官方工具链和软件包管理器。

FuelVM

The FuelVM is the virtual machine powering the Fuel blockchain.

FuelVM是为Fuel区块链提供动力的虚拟机。

Fuel Core

fuel-core is the name of the Fuel client implementation.

fuel-core是Fuel客户端实现的名称。

Gas

Gas is a variable fee charged by a node to process a transaction that is executed on-chain.

Gas是一个节点为处理链上执行的交易而收取的可变费用。

索引器 (Indexer)

An indexer is a program that watches and organizes blockchain data so it can be easily queried.

索引器是一个观察和组织区块链数据的程序，因此它可以很容易地被查询。

输入 (Input)

An input refers to a transaction input, which is a UTXO consumed by a transaction.

输入指的是交易输入，即交易所消耗的UTXO。

Layer 1 (L1)

Also called a level 1, this refers to a base layer blockchain that is not built on top of any other blockchain.

也叫第1层，指的是没有建立在任何其他区块链之上的基础层区块链。

Layer 2 (L2)

Also called a level 2, this is a blockchain that is built on top of another blockchain. Layer 2 networks can offer unique benefits like allowing for cheaper transactions or sovereign rollups that can fork without forking the base layer.

也被称为第2层，这是指建立在另一个区块链之上的区块链。第2层网络可以提供独特的好处，如允许更便宜的交易或主权汇总，可以自己分叉但又不分叉基础层。

轻客户端 (Light Client)

A light client is a client that doesn't validate blocks and transactions but still offers some functionality to send transactions.

轻客户端是一种不验证区块和交易的客户端，但仍提供一些发送交易的功能。

锁定的钱包 (Locked Wallet)

A locked wallet is a wallet that can only interact with read-only smart contract methods.

锁定钱包是一个只能与只读智能合约方法互动的钱包。

主网 (Mainnet)

Mainnet refers to the main network of a blockchain, as opposed to a testnet.

主网指的是区块链的主网，而不是测试网。

默克尔树 (Merkle Tree)

A Merkle tree is a data structure which uses a cryptographic hash function recursively to condense a set of data into a single value, called the root. It allows efficient proofs that a given element is part of the set.

默克尔树是一种数据结构，它使用一个加密哈希函数递归地将一组数据浓缩成一个单一的值，称为根。它允许有效地证明一个给定的元素是该集合的一部分。

消息 (Message)

A type of input that only includes specific metadata, and is often used for bridging.

一种只包括特定元数据的输入，通常用于跨链。

铸币 (Mint)

Minting refers to the creation of new coins.

铸币指的是创造新的代币。

模块化 (Modular)

Referring to a blockchain architecture that allows for execution, settlement, consensus, and data availability to run on separate layers.

指一种区块链架构，允许执行、结算、共识和数据可用性在不同的层面上运行。

单片 (Monolithic)

Referring to a blockchain architecture that handles execution, settlement, consensus, and data availability all at the same time on a single layer.

指的是一种区块链架构，它在单一层面上同时处理执行、结算、共识和数据可用性。

原生资产 (Native Asset)

With Fuel any contract can make its own native asset. On Ethereum, the only native asset is ETH. This allows for much cheaper token transactions because it doesn't require any contract state changes. It also allows you to directly forward any asset in a transaction call, avoiding the need for the approve and transferFrom mechanisms.

在Fuel上，任何合约都可以制作自己的原生资产。在以太坊上，唯一的原生资产是ETH。这允许更便宜的代币交易，因为它不需要任何合约状态变化。它还允许你在交易调用中直接转发任何资产，避免了对 approve和 transferFrom机制的需求。

网络 (Network)

Another name for a blockchain.

区块链的另一个名字。

节点 (Node)

A client that validates and produces blocks for the network.

一个为网络验证和生产区块的客户端。

乐观汇总 (Optimistic Rollup)

An optimistic rollup is a sidechain that uses fraud proofs to verify transactions instead of relying on a majority of validators to be honest.

一个乐观汇总是一个侧链，它使用欺诈证明来验证交易，而不是依靠大多数验证者的诚实。

输出 (Output)

An output refers to a transaction output, or which UTXOs are output by a transaction.

输出指的是交易输出，或者说是交易输出的UTXO。

平行交易 (Parallel Transactions)

Parallel transactions refers to the ability of the FuelVM to process multiple transactions in parallel.

并行交易指的是FuelVM并行处理多个交易的能力。

谓词 (Predicate)

A predicate is a pure function that can return true or false, and is sent inside a transaction as bytecode and checked at transaction validity time. If it evaluates to false the transaction will not be processed, and no gas will be used. If it evaluates to true, any coins belonging to the address equal to the Merkle root of the predicate bytecode may be spent by the transaction.

谓词是一个可以返回真或假的纯函数，它以字节码的形式发送到交易内部，并在交易有效期内检查。如果它的值为 false，该交易将不会被处理，也不会使用gas。如果它被评估为 true，任何属于Merkle根的地址的代币都可以被交易使用。

私钥 (Private Key)

A cryptographic key that is used to prove ownership by producing a digital signature. It should be kept private (or secret) as it can grant access to a wallet.

一个加密密钥，用于通过产生数字签名来证明所有权。它应该保持私有（或秘密），因为它可以授予对钱包的访问。

公钥 (Public Key)

A cryptographic key that is generated from its associated private key and can be shared publicly. Addresses are derived from public keys.

一个由其相关的私钥产生的加密密钥，可以公开分享。地址是由公钥产生的。

凭证 (Receipt)

A receipt is a data object that is emitted during a transaction and contains information about that transaction.

收据是一个数据对象，在交易过程中发出，包含关于该交易的信息。

重入攻击 (Re-entrancy attack)

A type of attack in which the attacker is able to recursively call a contract function so that the function is exited before it is fully executed. This can result in the attacker being able to withdraw more funds than intended from a contract.

一种攻击类型，攻击者能够递归地调用一个合约函数，使该函数在完全执行之前就被退出。这可能导致攻击者能够从合约中提取比预期更多的资金。

汇总 (Rollup)

A rollup is a scaling solution for layer 1 blockchains that "rolls up" or batches transactions as calldata.

汇总是第1层区块链的一个扩展解决方案，它将交易 "汇总 "或分批作为calldata。

脚本 (Script)

A script is runnable bytecode that executes once on-chain to perform some task. It does not represent ownership of any resources and it cannot be called by a contract. A script can return a single value of any type.

脚本是可运行的字节码，在链上执行一次，执行一些任务。它不代表任何资源的所有权，也不能被合约所调用。脚本可以返回一个任何类型的单一值。

结算 (Settlement)

Settlement refers to how and where on-chain disputes are resolved or settled.

结算是指链上纠纷的解决方式和地点。

侧链 (Sidechain)

A sidechain is a blockchain that runs independently but is connected to another blockchain (often Ethereum Mainnet) by a two-way bridge.

侧链是一个独立运行的区块链，但通过双向跨链桥与另一个区块链（通常是以太坊主网）相连。

签名 (Signature)

A cryptographic signature from a wallet, usually in reference to a signature for a message.

来自钱包的加密签名，通常指消息的签名。

智能合约 (Smart Contract)

Also referred to as a contract, a smart contract is a set of programming functions with persistent state that is deployed on a blockchain. Once deployed, the contract code can never be changed or deleted, and anyone can access public functions without permission.

也被称为合约，智能合约是一组具有持久状态的编程功能，部署在区块链上。一旦部署，合约代码永远不能被改变或删除，任何人不用允许都可以访问公共功能。

状态通道 (State Channel)

State channels allow for users to conduct any number of off-chain transactions while only submitting two on-chain transactions to open and close the channel. This reduces the number of on-chain transactions needed, which reduces the cost and saves time.

状态通道允许用户进行任何数量的链外交易，同时只提交两个链上交易来打开和关闭通道。这就减少了所需的链上交易的数量，从而降低了成本，节省了时间。

Sway

Sway is the official programming language for Fuel. It is a domain-specific language crafted for the FuelVM and inspired by Rust.

Sway是Fuel的官方编程语言。它是为FuelVM精心设计的特定领域语言，灵感来自Rust。

Testnet

Testnet is short for test network. You can use a testnet to deploy and test contracts for free.

Testnet是测试网络的简称。你可以使用testnet来免费部署和测试合约。

工具链 (Toolchain)

A toolchain is a set of related tools. The Fuel toolchain includes fuelup, forc, fuel-core, and fuels.

一个工具链是一组相关的工具。Fuel工具链包括fuelup, forc, fuel-core, 和fuels。

交易 (Transaction)

A transaction is any interaction with the blockchain, for example sending coins from one address to another.

交易是与区块链的任何互动，例如，将代币从一个地址发送到另一个地址。

解锁的钱包 (Unlocked Wallet)

An unlocked wallet can interact with both read and write smart contract methods.

一哥解锁的钱包可以与读写智能合约的方法互动。

UTXO

UTXO stands for unspent transaction output.

UTXO指的是未花费的交易输出

UTXO模型 (UTXO Model)

A UTXO model is a blockchain model that doesn't keep track of account balances. Instead, it uses inputs and outputs to manage state, which allows for fast parallel transactions.

UTXO模型是一种区块链模型，它不跟踪账户余额。相反，它使用输入和输出来管理状态，这使得快速并行交易成为可能。

验证器 (Validator)

A validator refers to a network validator or node. Validators help validate transactions and produce blocks.

验证器指的是一个网络验证器或节点。验证器有助于验证交易和产生区块。

见证人 (Witness)

A witness refers to the cryptographic signatures from actors involved in authorizing a transaction, including the transaction signers, contract callers, and block producers.

见证人是指参与授权交易的行为者的加密签名，包括交易签署者、合约调用者和区块生产者。

零知识证明 (Zero-Knowledge Proof)

A method that allows for the verification of secret information without revealing the secret.

一种允许验证秘密信息而不泄露秘密的方法。

零知识汇总 (Zero-Knowledge Rollup)

A rollup that uses zero-knowledge proofs to verify transactions. In ZK rollups, each rollup block posted to the contract must be accompanied by a validity proof (a succinct proof that the block is valid), which is also verified by the contract. Blocks are thus finalized immediately, and withdrawals can be processed in the same Ethereum block.

一种使用零知识证明来验证交易的汇总。在ZK汇总中，每个发布到合约上的汇总区块必须伴随着一个有效性证明（一个简洁的证明，证明该区块是有效的），其由合约验证的。因此，区块被立即敲定，提款可以在同一个以太坊区块中处理。