3.2欺诈证明 (Fraud Proofs)

Fraud proofs are a blockchain verification mechanism whereby a claim on a new block is accepted unless a proof the claim is invalid is provided within some configurable time window. This allows trust-minimized light clients to be secure under the assumption only a single honest full node is available in the network to produce fraud proofs. Both the Fuel protocol and the FuelVM are designed to be fraud-provable in restrictive environments such as the Ethereum Virtual Machine.

欺诈证明是一种区块链验证机制，根据该机制，除非在一些可配置的时间窗口内提供该请求无效的证明，否则新区块上的请求将被接受。这允许信任最小化的轻客户端，即使在假定网络中只有一个诚实的完整节点可以产生欺诈证明的情况下，依然是安全的。Fuel协议和FuelVM都被设计成在限制性环境中可以进行欺诈证明，如Ethereum虚拟机。

State-transition fraud proofs are a general-purpose fraud proof mechanism, but come with the downside of requiring a global state tree—an inherently sequential bottleneck. UTXO fraud proofs avoid this bottleneck; they simply require each spend of a UTXO to "point" to the creation of the UTXO. Proving the pointer is invalid, or that whatever is being pointed to doesn't match whatever is being spent, are sufficient for exhaustively proving fraud.

状态转换欺诈证明是一种通用的欺诈证明机制，但它的缺点是需要一个全局状态树--一个固有的顺序瓶颈。UTXO欺诈证明避免了这一瓶颈；它们只是要求UTXO的每个花费 "指向 "UTXO的创建。证明这个指针是无效的，或者证明所指向的东西与所花费的东西不匹配，就足以详尽地证明欺诈。

The Fuel transaction format and validation logic are fraud-provable with UTXO fraud proofs. The FuelVM relies on an Interactive Verification Game protocol, whereby an execution trace is bisected until a single step must be executed to check for a mismatch. The FuelVM instruction set is specifically designed to be both expressive yet fraud-provable within the Ethereum Virtual Machine.

Fuel交易格式和验证逻辑是可以用UTXO欺诈证明来进行欺诈验证的。FuelVM依赖于交互式验证博弈协议，根据该协议，执行跟踪被一分为二，直到必须执行一个步骤来检查是否匹配。是专门设计的，在以太坊虚拟机中既能表达又能防欺诈。